What is Gout?

Gout can be a common, complex form of arthritis. Gout is characterized as severe, sudden pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness in one or several joints, usually the big toe.

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Gout attacks can strike suddenly, and you may wake up feeling like your big toes are on fire. Gout can cause a severe pain in the affected joint. Although gout symptoms can be temporary, there are ways to manage them and prevent flare-ups.

Signs

Gout symptoms and signs almost always appear suddenly, often late at nights.

These include:

Intense joint pain. Gout is most common in the big toe. However, it can also occur in other joints. Gout can also affect the ankles as well as the knees, elbows and wrists. It is most likely that the pain will be severe within four to twelve hours of it starting.

Persistent discomfort. Some joint discomfort can persist after the worst pain subsides. This may last for several days or even weeks. Later attacks will likely last longer and impact more joints.

Redness and swelling. The affected joints may become tender, warm, red, swelling, and tender.

Limited ranges of motion Gout can cause you to lose the ability to move your joints as normal.

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Causes

Gout is caused by uriate crystals building up in joints. This causes inflammation and severe pain. If you have high levels uric acid, urate crystals may form. Uric acid is produced by the body when it breaks down purines. These are substances found naturally in the body.

Some foods contain purines, such as red meat and organ meats like liver. Anchovies and other shellfish rich in purines include mussels, anchovies and trout. Higher levels of uric acids are promoted by alcohol, particularly beer and sweetened beverages with fruit sugar (fructose).

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Uric acid is normally dissolved in blood and passed through the kidneys to the urine. Sometimes, the body produces too much or the kidneys produce too little uric acid. This is when uric acid forms sharp, needle-shaped crystals in joints or surrounding tissues, which can cause pain, inflammation, and swelling.

Risk Factors

High levels of uric acids in the body can make you more susceptible to developing gout. The following factors can increase the amount of uric acid within the body:

Food: A diet that consists mainly of seafood and red meat increases the risk of developing gout. Gout can also be caused by alcohol consumption, particularly beer.

Weight: Your body will produce more uric acid if you are overweight. This makes it harder for your kidneys and other organs to remove it.

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Medical Conditions: Gout can be increased by certain diseases and conditions. Untreated high blood pressure, chronic conditions such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome, along with other diseases and conditions can increase your risk of developing gout.

Certain Medications: Low-dose aspirin and some medications used to control hypertension, including thiazide diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and beta-blockers, can also increase uric acid levels. The same effects can be seen in people who have had organ transplants.

Family history of the disease Gout: is more common in those who have had gout from their family members.

Gender and age Gout is more common in men than it is in women, mainly due to lower levels of uric acid. After menopause, however, women’s levels of uric acid are similar to men’s. Gout is more common in men, who are usually in their 30s or 50s. However, women often experience symptoms and signs after menopause.

Recent trauma or surgery. Gout attacks can sometimes be triggered by recent trauma or surgery. A gout flare up can be caused by a vaccine.

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